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The bcbioRNASeq
constructor function is the main interface connecting bcbio] output data to interactive use in R. It is highly customizable and supports a number of options for advanced use cases. Consult the documentation for additional details.
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We have designed the constructor to work as simply as possible by default. The only required argument is uploadDir
, the path to the bcbio final upload directory specified with upload:
in the YAML configuration. Refer to the bcbio configuration documentation for detailed information on how to set up a bcbio run, which is outside the scope of this vignette.
For example, let’s load up the example bcbio dataset stored internally in the package.
bcbio outputs RNA-seq data in a standardized directory structure, which is described in detail in our workflow paper.
Counts level
By default, bcbioRNASeq imports counts at gene level, which are required for standard differential expression analysis (level = 'genes'
). For pseudo-aligned counts (e.g. Salmon, Kallisto, Sailfish) (Bray et al. 2016; Patro, Mount, and Kingsford 2014; Patro et al. 2017), tximport(Soneson, Love, and Robinson 2016) is used internally to aggregate transcript-level counts to gene-level counts, and generates length-scaled transcripts per million (TPM) values. For aligned counts processed with featureCounts(Liao, Smyth, and Shi 2014) (e.g. STAR, HISAT2) (Dobin et al. 2013; Dobin and Gingeras 2016; Kim, Langmead, and Salzberg 2015), these values are already returned at gene level, and therefore not handled by tximport. Once the gene-level counts are imported during the bcbioRNASeq
call, the DESeq2 package (Love, Huber, and Anders 2014) is then used to generate an internal DESeqDataSet
from which we derive normalized and variance-stabilized counts.
Alternatively, if you want to perform transcript-aware analysis, such as differential exon usage or splicing analysis, transcript-level counts can be obtained using level = 'transcripts'
. Note that when counts are loaded at transcript level, TPMs are generated with tximport internally, but no additional normalizations or transformations normally calculated for gene-level counts with DESeq2 are generated.
Expression callers
Since bcbio is flexible and supports a number of expression callers, we have provided advanced options in the bcbioRNASeq
constructor to support a variety of workflows using the caller
argument. Salmon, Kallisto, and Sailfish counts are supported at either gene or transcript level. Internally, these are loaded using tximport. STAR and HISAT2 aligned counts processed with featureCounts are also supported, but only at gene level.
Sample selection and metadata
If you’d like to load up only a subset of samples, this can be done easily using the samples
argument. Note that the character
vector declared here must match the description
column specified in the sample metadata. Conversely, if you’re working with a large dataset and you simply want to drop a few samples, this can be accomplished with the censorSamples
argument.
When working with a bcbio run that has incorrect or outdated metadata, the simplest way to fix this issue is to pass in new metadata from an external spreadsheet (CSV or Excel) using the sampleMetadataFile
argument. Note that this can also be used to subset the bcbio dataset, similar to the samples
argument (see above), based on the rows that are included in the spreadsheet.
Genome annotations
When analyzing a dataset against a well-annotated genome, we recommend importing the corresponding metadata using AnnotationHub and ensembldb. This functionality is natively supported in the bcbioRNASeq
constructor with using the organism
, ensemblRelease
, and genomeBuild
arguments. For example, with our internal bcbio dataset, we’re analyzing counts generated against the EnsemblMus musculus GRCm38 genome build (release 87). These parameters can be defined in the object load call to ensure that the annotations match up exactly with the genome used.
This will return a GRanges
object using the GenomicRanges package (Lawrence et al. 2013), which contains coordinates and rich metadata for each gene or transcript. These annotations are accessible with the rowRanges
and rowData
functions defined in the SummarizedExperiment package (Huber et al. 2015).
Alternatively, transcript-level annotations can also be obtained automatically using this method.
When working with a dataset generated against a poorly-annotated or non-standard genome, we provide a fallback method for loading gene annotations from a general feature format (GFF) file with the gffFile
argument. If possible, we recommend providing a general transfer format (GTF) file, which is identical to GFF version 2. GFFv3 is more complicated and non-standard, but Ensembl GFFv3 files are also supported.
If your dataset contains transgenes (e.g. EGFP, TDTOMATO), these features can be defined with the transgeneNames
argument, which will automatically populate the rowRanges
slot with placeholder metadata.
We recommend loading up data per genome in its own bcbioRNASeq
object when possible, so that rich metadata can be imported easily. In the edge case where you need to look at multiple genomes simultaneously, set organism = NULL
, and bcbioRNASeq will skip the gene annotation acquisition step.
Refer to the the GenomicRanges and SummarizedExperiment package documentation for more details on working with the genome annotations defined in the rowRanges
slot of the object. Here are some useful examples:
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Variance stabilization
During the bcbioRNASeq
constructor call, log2 variance stabilizaton of gene-level counts can be calculated automatically, and is recommended. This is performed internally by the DESeq2 package, using the varianceStabilizingTransformation
and/or rlog
functions. These transformations will be slotted into assays
.
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